Subfamily Heliconiinae.: A largely pantropical group, with one of the five tribes found in the Holarctic Region.
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Tribe Acraeini: There are two Afrotropical genera contained within this tribe; Telchinia and Acraea, both represented at Semuliki. There are 138 described Afrotropical species within this tribe with 104 species recorded in Uganda. At Semuliki a total of 45 species from both genera have been recorded: 25 from the genus Telchinia and 20 species of Acraea, contributing to a third of the Ugandan species total.
Genus Cymothoe: There are 15 species of the Afrotropical genus Cymothoe so far recorded at Semuliki from a.continent total of 78 (Williams, 2018) and a Ugandan total of 17 (Williams, 2015) or 90% of Uganda's total. The two Ugandan species not being recorded at Semuliki being C. distincta and C. indamora, but with both these species being recorded either in the Ituri Forest or Semliki Valley (Ducarme, 2018) it is a distinct possibility that they will also be found in Semuliki. Only three species are frequently sampled in traps and these are C. sangaris, C. cyclades and C. confusa. This genus has been categorised into clades nd the most commonly trapped species C. confusa had a distinctly clumped distribution within Semuliki. Species from this genus were observed more in the forest midstorey as compared to the preference of the forest floor for the genera Bebearia, Euphaedra and Euriphene.
Genus Cymothoe: There are 15 species of the Afrotropical genus Cymothoe so far recorded at Semuliki from a.continent total of 78 (Williams, 2018) and a Ugandan total of 17 (Williams, 2015) or 90% of Uganda's total. The two Ugandan species not being recorded at Semuliki being C. distincta and C. indamora, but with both these species being recorded either in the Ituri Forest or Semliki Valley (Ducarme, 2018) it is a distinct possibility that they will also be found in Semuliki. Only three species are frequently sampled in traps and these are C. sangaris, C. cyclades and C. confusa. This genus has been categorised into clades nd the most commonly trapped species C. confusa had a distinctly clumped distribution within Semuliki. Species from this genus were observed more in the forest midstorey as compared to the preference of the forest floor for the genera Bebearia, Euphaedra and Euriphene.
BUTTERFLY
Research, Conservation and Education
Semuliki National Park, Uganda
Genus Bebearia: There are 16 species of the genus Bebearia so far recorded from Semuliki. These contribute to over 10% of the species fruit-feeding assemblage total and 75% of Uganda's Bebearia species total (Davenport, 2001). Three species of Bebearia: laetitioides, brunhilda and cocalia are the most common species sampled in the traps, although cocalia is site- specific and depends on the presence of its palm host plant. In contrast mandinga and plistonax were rarely sampled. Bebearia chloeropsis (never sampled and not included in the species checklist of Forbes, 2018) has been recorded as being present in Semuliki (described as being sampled in the Bwamba Valley, now Semliki Valley). It has however been recorded from the Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018) and North Kivu region.
The following museum images are taken from The Royal Museum of Central Africa, Tervuren in Belgium and portray the male (left column) and female, both upper and underside, for each of the species recorded at Semuliki (B. chloeropsis excepted).
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The Metamorphosis publication 'The Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidia) of Semuliki National Park, western Uganda', Forbes (2018) lists the Bebearia cocalia subspecies as badiana - this should also include the subspecies katera.
Bebearia abesa
Bebearia brunhilda
Bebearia flaminia
Bebearia oxione
Bebearia sophus
Bebearia absolon
Bebearia carshena
Bebearia laetitioides
Bebearia partita
Bebearia seeldrayersi
Bebearia barce
Bebearia cocalia
Bebearia mandinga
Bebearia plistonax
Bebearia zonara
Bebearia chloeropsis (waiting on museum image)
Field Images: There are field images for all but two of the recorded species: B plistonax and B. chloeropsis. However, B. plistonax was trapped by Justice in the traps he laid around the Bumaga campsite. An easily identifiable species, he didn't have his camera with him. B. chloeropsis has never been trapped or observed.
Bebearia abesa (male, upper and underside)
Bebearia abesa (female, upper and underside)
Bebearia absolon (male, upper and underside)
Bebearia absolon (female, upper and underside)
Bebearia barce (male, upper and underside)
Bebearia barce (female, upperside)
Bebearia barce (female, underside)
Bebearia brunhilda (male, upper and underside)
Bebearia brunhilda (female, upperside)
Bebearia brunhilda (female, underside)
Bebearia carshena (male, upper and underside)
Bebearia carshena (female, upperside)
Bebearia carshena (female, underside)
Bebearia cocalia ssp. katera (male, upper and underside)
Bebearia cocalia ssp. badiana (male upperside, narrow subapical band)
Bebearia cocalia (male upperside, dark form)
Bebearia cocalia ssp. continentalis (female, upperside)
Bebearia cocalia ssp. katera (female, upper and underside)
Bebearia cocalia ssp. continentalis (female, underside)
Bebearia cocalia ssp. badiana (female, upperside)
Bebearia flaminia (male, upper and underside )
Bebearia flaminia (female, upperside)
Bebearia flaminia (female, underside)
Bebearia laetitioides (male, upper and underside)
Bebearia laetitioides (female, upperside)
Bebearia laetitioides (female underside, unusual white sub-apical band detail)
Bebearia laetitioides (female, upper and underside - usual greenish hue)
Bebearia mandinga (male, upper and underside)
Bebearia mandinga (female, upper and underside)
Bebearia laetitioides (female example 3, upper and underside - usual greenish hue)
Bebearia oxione (male, upper and underside)
Bebearia oxione (female, upperside)
Bebearia oxione (female, underside)
Bebearia partita (male, upper and underside)
Bebearia partita (female, upperside)
Bebearia partita (female, underside)
Bebearia sophus (male, upper and underside)
Bebearia sophus (female, underside)
Bebearia sophus (female upperside,
with yellow sub-apical band)
Bebearia sophus (female, upperside)
Bebearia seeldrayersi (male, upper and underside)
Bebearia seeldrayersi (female, upper and underside)
Bebearia zonara (male, upper and underside)
Bebearia zonara (female, upperside)
Bebearia plistonax and B. chloeropsis (waiting on field images)
Bebearia zonara (female, underside)
Specific genus site links, references and bibliography:
The publication listed below (Butterflies of the World) is available from www.insecta.de and www.goeckeevers.de.
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Hecq, J., (2000). Bebearia, Nymphalidae IV (part IX) and Supplement 3. Butterflies of the World. Bauer, E. & Frankenbach, T. eds. Goecke and Evers, Keltern, Germany.
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Holmes, C.W.N., (2001). A reappraisal of the Bebearia mardania complex (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Tropical Zoology, 14(1).
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Nymphalidae.Net provides a detailed taxonomic overview of the Tribe Adoliadini. Tribe Adoliadini (Wahlberg, N).
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Savela, M. Bebearia Hemming,[1960]. Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Excellent online resource.
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Williams, M.C., (2018). Genus Bebearia. A section of Afrotropical Butterflies (17th Edition). Publication is available from Lepidopterists' Society of Africa website https://www.lepsocafrica.org/?p=publications&s=atb.
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